Health Administration and Service Development for Federal Governments

Question: Discuss about theHealth Administration and Service Development for Federal Governments. Answer: The essay discusses the comparison of the United States system of Healthcare with that of the Australian health care system. Through the contrast, we find that the Australian uses mixed market of operating health which is superior because of its development in both access and equity as opposed to US use which has significant benefits found within the efficiency of the system. The health care system used in the US focused on self-provision. It is created in a way that the Citizens are responsible for the entire cost of health care of their choice. This is initiated by the great push by the private health sectors. The US personal funding for health is derived from employment. That is, the employer is making an individual purchase of health insurance. This indicates that individuals without the job do not have the similar luxury of opportunity. The establishment of the government-funded scheme that assists people who are unemployed was implemented in 1965. The scheme enables the elderly to get health care, and the poor are being financed by the State and Federal governments. The healthcare system in Australia is designed to combine two essential contributors to funding, the private sector, and the public sector. The Australian system offers significant public funds to areas that require adequate need at both State and Federal level. These satisfactory need services require the use of overall hospital visits and practitioners. The healthcare system of Australian has s similar structure of mixed market of health care as that of the American. This similarity can be seen due to the existence of both private and public sectors offering funds for the delivery of the healthcare. Even though there is similarity the market design related to health care, there are differences surrounding the orientation of the health care system. As opposed to the US, the ideology that surrounds the system of Australian is that all individuals should possess equal right with regards to health care treatment. This defines the presence of equity within the systems. The model of American creates the lack of need and or want by many individuals to create equity. The American model neglects the use of equity. The reason for this nonexistent of equity is because of the ideology of the people of US. The ideology exists about independence, related to the success of the monetary. As the relationship between employment and health insurance can be seen throughout the system of the American, the feelings of the Americans is that is their responsibility to look after themselves regarding the health care. By getting lucrative jobs and thereby enabling access to quality insurance, the system of US promotes and achieves the self-resilience treasured by the entire society. The problem of this ideology is that many people in the US do not have insurance, this lead to the reduction in the access of healthcare services. While in the context of Australians health care, equity is of better ideological value. The adequate care policy enables the Australians regardless of their ethnicity, social status and level of income to get a basic level of fund allocation to their health. The equity concept seen in the society of Australian is of higher value than that of the US society. Many developed countries, for example, the United Kingdom, prefer the use of equity with the same approach as that of the Australia which supports the use of the public health sector instead of the private. The efficiency of the US systems regarding the resources and service delivery are of higher quality; the service waiting list is low. This indicates the major benefits of a strong privatized system that should be in place. This type of aspects is mostly recognized by the US. The problem regarding the efficiency of the US model is finances allocation. The US is spending more money on services associated with health. The excessive spending indicates inefficiency through the analysis of money. Within the system of Australian, resources, finance and service delivery are not very efficient. Waiting list within the system takes a long time making the ability of the resources provided to be difficult. Comparing both the United States and Australia healthcare systems indicates some interesting outcomes. Australia spends almost half of their GDP percentage as compared United States and covers the entire population completely. The government of US spends a large amount of money on healthcare, but still, 16 percent of the people are uninsured. The two countries experience similar problems, for example, the increase healthcare spending. The two countries take into consideration the importance of aging population as it plays the crucial role in the increase in expenditure, and each contributes to the increase in average cost per person. The two countries provide private insurance and coverage from the government; the only difference is on the plans which vary greatly. It is difficult to apply the US health care system because of the differences in the cultural disparity between the two nations. Australia healthcare system can be used more appropriate in New Zealand because the two countries somehow share similar cultural/the elements of national identity. Case study: Treatment and Assessment of a young lady with respiratory symptom and fever. Rights or Act that seem to have been breached In the case study, the rights of a young girl with respiratory system and fever were breached in the public hospital in the following way: DHM staff did not follow the right procedure in discharging the girl on the second visit of the hospital, Staff failed on several occasions to offer enough discharge information to the family of the girl, and DHM failed to offer the required services to the client (girl) with reasonable skill and care. The telehealth nurses failed to offer the clients family relevant information of the clinical symptoms of the disease affecting the young girl. These entire processes prevent both the young girl and her family the right of accessing accurate information. Social issues Geographical- there exist substantial geographical difference in New Zealand health care services, and this affects the delivery and access to the health services. A district with lesser than average income experiences higher rates of hospitalizations and premature mortality. At a small area, there is high population. This is because, at birth, the life expectancy gradient is steep (Munson Jaccard, 2018). Socioeconomic The socioeconomic affect the New Zealand health care services in that it allows the existence of major inequalities and these inequalities influence the operation of the health services. All ethnic groups that are in New Zealand show the gradients of socio-economic. However, the gradient is quite shallow for the people that are found in Pacific and Asian and steep for European and Maori ethnic categories. The effect of socioeconomic on the New Zealand health is mostly underestimated (Mossialos, Wenzl, Osborn Sarnak, 2016). This is because the available measures put in place do not capture socioeconomic issues, and studies also fail to capture the cumulative effect that the socioeconomic create to health care. People who reside in a more deprived environment experiences higher hospitalization rate and higher death rate as compared to individuals that reside in affluent areas. The mortality rates of low socioeconomic groups are higher as compare to those with high socioeconomic groups , from diseases. Political issues Government goals- the goal put in place by the New Zealand government affect the health care services. One of the major goal of the government that control public sectors performance and policy is to lower inequalities in employment, education, health and housing for all the groups that are disadvantaged such as between women and men and Pacific and Maori peoples (Ginter, Duncan Swayne, 2018). The government should ensure that the set goals are achieved by the ministry of health. When the government fulfills the goals set in time, then the health care services will function well in terms of delivery and satisfaction of the patients need. The government goal enables it to set up enough finance to enables the publicly funded health care improve the service delivery to the people. Government policies- the policies of the government affect the New Zealand health care services delivery in that it has different policies that can affect the performance of the health care. These policies require long-term investment and planning, but they also enable many people to live a healthy life. The established policies ensure that the health services are well equipped with enough resources in order to help them operate their daily activities. They also help individuals to age well, as well as having timely access to health care services. Economic issues Public financial barriers The health system of New Zealand is mainly public. All the Citizens who are permanent residents have different access to services, and the finance comes from the general taxes. Nonresidents, for example, illegal immigrant and tourists, are paying the full amount of service to the providers of the public health care (Manners, 2017). When there is a barrier to the provision of the public finance the activities of the health care may take place with a lot of difficulties. Therefore, financial barriers influence the performance of the healthcare service in New Zealand as it limits the allocation set aside for the development of the healthcare. Private cost This is the actual cost associated with the accessing of the health care services. The private cost of each of the healthcare services affects the delivery of the services. People sometimes opt to attend to private health care in a situation where they cannot access the public health care. They have to pay for the treatment or through private insurance; they can use it to access the health services. According to Munson Jaccard (2018) research work, state that poor treatment comes with the higher cost in the long run and it is more expensive to the economy. The tendency of people paying for the healthcare services mostly causes higher burden to the people. This is because some of the services are quite expensive. Conclusion The healthcare model should be efficient enough to cater for the need of the patients. The government should also come up with suitable strategies to help solve the problems that the health cares are facing. The provision of healthcare services requires a large number of resources to help improve the services delivery to the patients. The political, social and economic factors can affect the delivery and quality of the healthcare services of a particular nation. Government and different organization should work together to improve the healthcare service in New Zealand. Through the comparison of the two countries, it is true that staying in society like Australia is more relevant because of the values and ethics used within the system of the health care. References Cherry, B., Jacob, S. R. (2016).Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, management. Elsevier Health Sciences. Ginter, P. M., Duncan, J., Swayne, L. E. (2018).The Strategic Management of Healthcare Organizations. John Wiley Sons. Manners, R. A. (2017).Professional dominance: The social structure of medical care. Routledge. Mossialos, E., Wenzl, M., Osborn, R., Sarnak, D. (2016).2015 international profiles of health care systems. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. Munson, M. R., Jaccard, J. (2018). Mental health service use among young adults: a communication framework for program development.Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research,45(1), 62-80.